from collections import OrderedDict

from rpython.jit.codewriter.effectinfo import EffectInfo
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import args_dict
from rpython.jit.metainterp.history import new_ref_dict
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.optimizer import Optimization, REMOVED
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.util import (
    make_dispatcher_method, have_dispatcher_method, get_box_replacement)
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.intutils import IntBound
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt.shortpreamble import PreambleOp
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimize import InvalidLoop
from rpython.jit.metainterp.resoperation import rop
from rpython.rlib.objectmodel import we_are_translated
from rpython.jit.metainterp.optimizeopt import info

MUST_ALIAS = 'm'
CANNOT_ALIAS = 'c'
UNKNOWN_ALIAS = '?'

class AbstractCachedEntry(object):
    """ abstract base class abstracting over the difference between caching
    struct fields and array items. """

    def __init__(self):
        # Cache information for a field descr, or for an (array descr, index)
        # pair.  It can be in one of two states:
        #
        #   1. 'cached_infos' is a list listing all the infos that are
        #      caching this descr
        #
        #   2. we just did one set(field/arrayitem), which is delayed (and thus
        #      not synchronized).  '_lazy_set' is the delayed
        #      ResOperation.  In this state, 'cached_infos' contains
        #      out-of-date information.  More precisely, the field
        #      value pending in the ResOperation is *not* visible in
        #      'cached_infos'.
        #
        self.cached_infos = []
        self.cached_structs = []
        self._lazy_set = None

    def register_info(self, structop, info):
        # invariant: every struct or array ptr info, that is not virtual and
        # that has a non-None entry at
        # info._fields[descr.get_index()]
        # must be in cache_infos
        assert structop.type == 'r'
        self.cached_structs.append(structop)
        self.cached_infos.append(info)

    def produce_potential_short_preamble_ops(self, optimizer, shortboxes,
                                             descr, index=-1):
        assert self._lazy_set is None
        for i, info in enumerate(self.cached_infos):
            structbox = get_box_replacement(self.cached_structs[i])
            info.produce_short_preamble_ops(structbox, descr, index, optimizer,
                                            shortboxes)

    def possible_aliasing(self, opinfo):
        # If lazy_set is set and contains a setfield on a different
        # structvalue, then we are annoyed, because it may point to either
        # the same or a different structure at runtime.
        # XXX constants?
        return (self._lazy_set is not None
            and not info.getptrinfo(self._lazy_set.getarg(0)).same_info(opinfo))

    def possible_aliasing_two_infos(self, optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2):
        """returns MUST_ALIAS, CANNOT_ALIAS, UNKNOWN_ALIAS """
        if opinfo1.same_info(opinfo2):
            return MUST_ALIAS
        if self._cannot_alias_via_classes_or_lengths(optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2) == CANNOT_ALIAS:
            return CANNOT_ALIAS
        if self._cannot_alias_via_content(optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2) == CANNOT_ALIAS:
            return CANNOT_ALIAS
        return UNKNOWN_ALIAS

    def do_setfield(self, optheap, op):
        # Update the state with the SETFIELD_GC/SETARRAYITEM_GC operation 'op'.
        structinfo = optheap.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        arg1 = get_box_replacement(self._get_rhs_from_set_op(op))
        if self.possible_aliasing(structinfo):
            self.force_lazy_set(optheap, op.getdescr())
            assert not self.possible_aliasing(structinfo)
        cached_field = self._getfield(structinfo, op.getdescr(), optheap, False)
        if cached_field is not None:
            cached_field = cached_field.get_box_replacement()

        if not cached_field or not cached_field.same_box(arg1):
            # common case: store the 'op' as lazy_set
            self._lazy_set = op
        else:
            # this is the case where the pending setfield ends up
            # storing precisely the value that is already there,
            # as proved by 'cached_fields'.  In this case, we don't
            # need any _lazy_set: the heap value is already right.
            # Note that this may reset to None a non-None lazy_set,
            # cancelling its previous effects with no side effect.

            # Now, we have to force the item in the short preamble
            self._getfield(structinfo, op.getdescr(), optheap)
            self._lazy_set = None

    def getfield_from_cache(self, optheap, opinfo, descr):
        # Returns the up-to-date field's value, or None if not cached.
        op = self._lazy_set
        if op:
            opinfo2 = info.getptrinfo(op.getarg(0))
            aliasing_state = self.possible_aliasing_two_infos(optheap, opinfo, opinfo2)
            if aliasing_state == UNKNOWN_ALIAS:
                self.force_lazy_set(optheap, descr)
                return None
            elif aliasing_state == MUST_ALIAS:
                return get_box_replacement(self._get_rhs_from_set_op(op))
            else:
                assert aliasing_state == CANNOT_ALIAS
                # we don't need to force the lazy set
        res = self._getfield(opinfo, descr, optheap)
        if res is not None:
            return res.get_box_replacement()
        return None

    def force_lazy_set(self, optheap, descr, can_cache=True):
        op = self._lazy_set
        if op is not None:
            # This is the way _lazy_set is usually reset to None.
            # Now we clear _cached_fields, because actually doing the
            # setfield might impact any of the stored result (because of
            # possible aliasing).
            self.invalidate(descr)
            self._lazy_set = None
            if optheap.postponed_op:
                for a in op.getarglist():
                    if a is optheap.postponed_op:
                        optheap.emit_postponed_op()
                        break
            optheap.emit_extra(op, emit=False)
            if not can_cache:
                return
            # Once it is done, we can put at least one piece of information
            # back in the cache: the value of this particular structure's
            # field.
            opinfo = optheap.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
            self.put_field_back_to_info(op, opinfo, optheap)
        elif not can_cache:
            self.invalidate(descr)

    # abstract methods

    def _get_rhs_from_set_op(self, op):
        """ given a set(field or arrayitem) op, return the rhs argument """
        raise NotImplementedError("abstract method")

    def put_field_back_to_info(self, op, opinfo, optheap):
        """ this method is called just after a lazy setfield was ommitted. it
        puts the information of the lazy setfield back into the proper cache in
        the info. """
        raise NotImplementedError("abstract method")

    def _getfield(self, opinfo, descr, optheap, true_force=True):
        raise NotImplementedError("abstract method")

    def invalidate(self, descr):
        """ clear all the cached knowledge in the infos in self.cached_infos.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError("abstract method")


class CachedField(AbstractCachedEntry):
    def _get_rhs_from_set_op(self, op):
        return op.getarg(1)

    def put_field_back_to_info(self, op, opinfo, optheap):
        arg = get_box_replacement(op.getarg(1))
        struct = get_box_replacement(op.getarg(0))
        opinfo.setfield(op.getdescr(), struct, arg, optheap=optheap, cf=self)

    def _getfield(self, opinfo, descr, optheap, true_force=True):
        res = opinfo.getfield(descr, optheap)
        if not we_are_translated() and res:
            if isinstance(opinfo, info.AbstractStructPtrInfo):
                assert opinfo in self.cached_infos
        if isinstance(res, PreambleOp):
            if not true_force:
                return res.op
            res = optheap.optimizer.force_op_from_preamble(res)
            opinfo.setfield(descr, None, res, optheap=optheap)
        return res

    def invalidate(self, descr):
        if descr.is_always_pure():
            return
        for opinfo in self.cached_infos:
            assert isinstance(opinfo, info.AbstractStructPtrInfo)
            opinfo._fields[descr.get_index()] = None
        self.cached_infos = []
        self.cached_structs = []

    def _cannot_alias_via_classes_or_lengths(self, optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2):
        constclass1 = opinfo1.get_known_class(optheap.optimizer.cpu)
        constclass2 = opinfo2.get_known_class(optheap.optimizer.cpu)
        if constclass1 is not None and constclass2 is not None and not constclass1.same_constant(constclass2):
            return CANNOT_ALIAS
        else:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS

    def _cannot_alias_via_content(self, optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2):
        if not isinstance(opinfo1, info.AbstractStructPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        if not isinstance(opinfo2, info.AbstractStructPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        content1 = opinfo1.all_items()
        if content1 is None:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        content2 = opinfo2.all_items()
        if content2 is None:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        for index in range(min(len(content1), len(content2))):
            value1 = get_box_replacement(content1[index])
            value2 = get_box_replacement(content2[index])
            if value1 is None or value2 is None:
                continue
            if not value1.is_constant() or not value2.is_constant():
                continue
            if not value1.same_constant(value2):
                return CANNOT_ALIAS
        return UNKNOWN_ALIAS

class ArrayCachedItem(AbstractCachedEntry):
    def __init__(self, index, parent): # type: (int, ArrayCacheSubMap) -> None
        assert index >= 0
        self.index = index
        self.parent = parent
        AbstractCachedEntry.__init__(self)

    def _get_rhs_from_set_op(self, op):
        return op.getarg(2)

    def _getfield(self, opinfo, descr, optheap, true_force=True):
        res = opinfo.getitem(descr, self.index, optheap)
        if not we_are_translated() and res:
            if isinstance(opinfo, info.ArrayPtrInfo):
                assert opinfo in self.cached_infos
        if (isinstance(res, PreambleOp) and
            optheap.optimizer.cpu.supports_guard_gc_type):
            if not true_force:
                return res.op
            index = res.preamble_op.getarg(1).getint()
            res = optheap.optimizer.force_op_from_preamble(res)
            opinfo.setitem(descr, index, None, res, optheap=optheap)
        return res

    def put_field_back_to_info(self, op, opinfo, optheap):
        arg = get_box_replacement(op.getarg(2))
        struct = get_box_replacement(op.getarg(0))
        opinfo.setitem(op.getdescr(), self.index, struct, arg, optheap=optheap, cf=self)

    def invalidate(self, descr):
        for opinfo in self.cached_infos:
            assert isinstance(opinfo, info.ArrayPtrInfo)
            # only invalidate those at self.index
            if self.index < len(opinfo._items):
                opinfo._items[self.index] = None
            #opinfo._items = None #[self.index] = None
        self.cached_infos = []
        self.cached_structs = []
        self.parent.clear_varindex()

    def _cannot_alias_via_classes_or_lengths(self, optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2):
        if not isinstance(opinfo1, info.ArrayPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        if not isinstance(opinfo2, info.ArrayPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        if opinfo1.getlenbound(None).known_ne(opinfo2.getlenbound(None)):
            return CANNOT_ALIAS
        else:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS

    def _cannot_alias_via_content(self, optheap, opinfo1, opinfo2):
        if not isinstance(opinfo1, info.ArrayPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        if not isinstance(opinfo2, info.ArrayPtrInfo):
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        content1 = opinfo1.all_items()
        if content1 is None:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        content2 = opinfo2.all_items()
        if content2 is None:
            return UNKNOWN_ALIAS
        for index in range(min(len(content1), len(content2))):
            value1 = get_box_replacement(content1[index])
            value2 = get_box_replacement(content2[index])
            if value1 is None or value2 is None:
                continue
            if not value1.is_constant() or not value2.is_constant():
                continue
            if not value1.same_constant(value2):
                return CANNOT_ALIAS
        return UNKNOWN_ALIAS

class ArrayCacheSubMap(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.const_indexes = {} # int -> ArrayCachedItem
        self.clear_varindex()

    def clear_varindex(self):
        self.cached_varindex_triples = None

    def cache_varindex_read(self, arrayinfo, indexbox, resbox):
        # TODO: impose some kind of variable length for self.cached_varindex_triples
        entry = (arrayinfo, indexbox, resbox)
        if self.cached_varindex_triples is None:
            self.cached_varindex_triples = [entry]
            return
        self.cached_varindex_triples.append(entry)

    def cache_varindex_write(self, arrayinfo, indexbox, resbox):
        self.cached_varindex_triples = [(arrayinfo, indexbox, resbox)]

    def lookup_cached(self, arrayinfo, indexbox):
        if self.cached_varindex_triples is not None:
            for cached_arrayinfo, cached_index, cached_result in self.cached_varindex_triples:
                if cached_arrayinfo is arrayinfo and get_box_replacement(cached_index) is indexbox:
                    return get_box_replacement(cached_result)
        return None

class OptHeap(Optimization):
    """Cache repeated heap accesses"""

    def __init__(self):
        # mapping descr -> CachedField
        self.cached_fields = OrderedDict()
        self.cached_arrayitems = OrderedDict()

        self.postponed_op = None

        # cached dict items: {dict descr: {(optval, index): box-or-const}}
        self.cached_dict_reads = {}
        # cache of corresponding {array descrs: dict 'entries' field descr}
        self.corresponding_array_descrs = {}
        #
        self._seen_guard_not_invalidated = False

    def setup(self):
        self.optimizer.optheap = self
        # mapping const value -> info corresponding to it's heap cache
        self.const_infos = new_ref_dict()

    def flush(self):
        self.cached_dict_reads.clear()
        self.corresponding_array_descrs.clear()
        self.force_all_lazy_sets()
        self.emit_postponed_op()

    def emit_postponed_op(self):
        if self.postponed_op:
            postponed_op = self.postponed_op
            self.postponed_op = None
            self.emit_extra(postponed_op, emit=False)

    def produce_potential_short_preamble_ops(self, sb):
        descrkeys = self.cached_fields.keys()
        if not we_are_translated():
            # XXX Pure operation of boxes that are cached in several places will
            #     only be removed from the peeled loop when read from the first
            #     place discovered here. This is far from ideal, as it makes
            #     the effectiveness of our optimization a bit random. It should
            #     howevere always generate correct results. For tests we dont
            #     want this randomness.
            descrkeys.sort(key=str, reverse=True)
        for descr in descrkeys:
            d = self.cached_fields[descr]
            d.produce_potential_short_preamble_ops(self.optimizer, sb, descr)

        for descr, submap in self.cached_arrayitems.items():
            for index, d in submap.const_indexes.items():
                d.produce_potential_short_preamble_ops(self.optimizer, sb,
                                                       descr, index)

    def clean_caches(self):
        items = self.cached_fields.items()
        if not we_are_translated():
            items.sort(key=str, reverse=True)
        for descr, cf in items:
            if not descr.is_always_pure():
                cf.invalidate(descr)
        for descr, submap in self.cached_arrayitems.iteritems():
            if not descr.is_always_pure():
                for index, cf in submap.const_indexes.iteritems():
                    cf.invalidate(None)
        self.cached_dict_reads.clear()

    def field_cache(self, descr):
        try:
            cf = self.cached_fields[descr]
        except KeyError:
            cf = self.cached_fields[descr] = CachedField()
        return cf

    def arrayitem_submap(self, descr, create_if_nonexistant=True):
        try:
            return self.cached_arrayitems[descr]
        except KeyError:
            if create_if_nonexistant:
                submap = self.cached_arrayitems[descr] = ArrayCacheSubMap()
            else:
                submap = None
            return submap

    def arrayitem_cache(self, descr, index):
        submap = self.arrayitem_submap(descr)
        try:
            cf = submap.const_indexes[index]
        except KeyError:
            cf = submap.const_indexes[index] = ArrayCachedItem(index, submap)
        return cf

    def emit(self, op):
        self.emitting_operation(op)
        self.emit_postponed_op()
        opnum = op.opnum
        if (rop.is_comparison(opnum) or rop.is_call_may_force(opnum)
            or rop.is_ovf(opnum)):
            self.postponed_op = op
        else:
            return Optimization.emit(self, op)

    def emitting_operation(self, op):
        if rop.has_no_side_effect(op.opnum):
            return
        if rop.is_ovf(op.opnum):
            return
        if rop.is_guard(op.opnum):
            self.optimizer.pendingfields = (
                self.force_lazy_sets_for_guard())
            return
        opnum = op.getopnum()
        if (opnum == rop.SETFIELD_GC or          # handled specially
            opnum == rop.SETFIELD_RAW or         # no effect on GC struct/array
            opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_GC or      # handled specially
            opnum == rop.SETARRAYITEM_RAW or     # no effect on GC struct
            opnum == rop.SETINTERIORFIELD_RAW or # no effect on GC struct
            opnum == rop.RAW_STORE or            # no effect on GC struct
            opnum == rop.STRSETITEM or           # no effect on GC struct/array
            opnum == rop.UNICODESETITEM or       # no effect on GC struct/array
            opnum == rop.DEBUG_MERGE_POINT or    # no effect whatsoever
            opnum == rop.JIT_DEBUG or            # no effect whatsoever
            opnum == rop.ENTER_PORTAL_FRAME or   # no effect whatsoever
            opnum == rop.LEAVE_PORTAL_FRAME or   # no effect whatsoever
            opnum == rop.COPYSTRCONTENT or       # no effect on GC struct/array
            opnum == rop.COPYUNICODECONTENT or   # no effect on GC struct/array
            opnum == rop.CHECK_MEMORY_ERROR):    # may only abort the whole loop
            return
        if rop.is_call(op.opnum):
            if rop.is_call_assembler(op.getopnum()):
                self._seen_guard_not_invalidated = False
            else:
                effectinfo = op.getdescr().get_extra_info()
                if effectinfo.check_can_invalidate():
                    self._seen_guard_not_invalidated = False
                if not effectinfo.has_random_effects():
                    self.force_from_effectinfo(effectinfo)
                    return
        self.force_all_lazy_sets()
        self.clean_caches()

    def optimize_CALL_I(self, op):
        # dispatch based on 'oopspecindex' to a method that handles
        # specifically the given oopspec call.  For non-oopspec calls,
        # oopspecindex is just zero.
        effectinfo = op.getdescr().get_extra_info()
        oopspecindex = effectinfo.oopspecindex
        if oopspecindex == EffectInfo.OS_DICT_LOOKUP:
            if self._optimize_CALL_DICT_LOOKUP(op):
                return
        return self.emit(op)
    optimize_CALL_F = optimize_CALL_I
    optimize_CALL_R = optimize_CALL_I
    optimize_CALL_N = optimize_CALL_I

    def _optimize_CALL_DICT_LOOKUP(self, op):
        # Cache consecutive lookup() calls on the same dict and key,
        # depending on the 'flag_store' argument passed:
        # FLAG_LOOKUP: always cache and use the cached result.
        # FLAG_STORE:  don't cache (it might return -1, which would be
        #                incorrect for future lookups); but if found in
        #                the cache and the cached value was already checked
        #                non-negative, then we can reuse it.
        # FLAG_DELETE: never cache, never use the cached result (because
        #                if there is a cached result, the FLAG_DELETE call
        #                is needed for its side-effect of removing it).
        #                In theory we could cache a -1 for the case where
        #                the delete is immediately followed by a lookup,
        #                but too obscure.
        #
        from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem.rordereddict import FLAG_LOOKUP
        from rpython.rtyper.lltypesystem.rordereddict import FLAG_STORE
        flag_value = self.getintbound(op.getarg(4))
        if not flag_value.is_constant():
            return False
        flag = flag_value.get_constant_int()
        if flag != FLAG_LOOKUP and flag != FLAG_STORE:
            return False
        #
        descrs = op.getdescr().get_extra_info().extradescrs
        assert descrs        # translation hint
        descr1 = descrs[0]
        try:
            d = self.cached_dict_reads[descr1]
        except KeyError:
            d = self.cached_dict_reads[descr1] = args_dict()
            self.corresponding_array_descrs[descrs[1]] = descr1
        #
        key = [get_box_replacement(op.getarg(1)),   # dict
               get_box_replacement(op.getarg(2))]   # key
               # other args can be ignored here (hash, store_flag)
        try:
            res_v = d[key]
        except KeyError:
            if flag == FLAG_LOOKUP:
                d[key] = op
            return False
        else:
            if flag != FLAG_LOOKUP:
                if not self.getintbound(res_v).known_ge_const(0):
                    return False
            self.make_equal_to(op, res_v)
            self.last_emitted_operation = REMOVED
            return True

    def optimize_GUARD_NO_EXCEPTION(self, op):
        if self.last_emitted_operation is REMOVED:
            return
        return self.emit(op)

    optimize_GUARD_EXCEPTION = optimize_GUARD_NO_EXCEPTION

    def force_from_effectinfo(self, effectinfo):
        # Note: this version of the code handles effectively
        # effectinfos that store arbitrarily many descrs, by looping
        # on self.cached_{fields, arrayitems} and looking them up in
        # the bitstrings stored in the effectinfo.
        for fielddescr, cf in self.cached_fields.items():
            if effectinfo.check_readonly_descr_field(fielddescr):
                cf.force_lazy_set(self, fielddescr)
            if effectinfo.check_write_descr_field(fielddescr):
                cf.force_lazy_set(self, fielddescr, can_cache=False)
                if fielddescr.is_always_pure():
                    continue
                try:
                    del self.cached_dict_reads[fielddescr]
                except KeyError:
                    pass
        #
        for arraydescr, submap in self.cached_arrayitems.items():
            if effectinfo.check_readonly_descr_array(arraydescr):
                self.force_lazy_setarrayitem_submap(submap)
            if effectinfo.check_write_descr_array(arraydescr):
                self.force_lazy_setarrayitem_submap(submap, can_cache=False)
        #
        for arraydescr, dictdescr in self.corresponding_array_descrs.items():
            if effectinfo.check_write_descr_array(arraydescr):
                try:
                    del self.cached_dict_reads[dictdescr]
                except KeyError:
                    pass # someone did it already
        #
        if effectinfo.check_forces_virtual_or_virtualizable():
            vrefinfo = self.optimizer.metainterp_sd.virtualref_info
            self.force_lazy_set(vrefinfo.descr_forced)
            # ^^^ we only need to force this field; the other fields
            # of virtualref_info and virtualizable_info are not gcptrs.

    def force_lazy_set(self, descr, can_cache=True):
        try:
            cf = self.cached_fields[descr]
        except KeyError:
            return
        cf.force_lazy_set(self, descr, can_cache)

    def force_lazy_setarrayitem(self, arraydescr, indexb=None, can_cache=True):
        submap = self.arrayitem_submap(arraydescr, create_if_nonexistant=False)
        if not submap:
            return
        for idx, cf in submap.const_indexes.iteritems():
            if indexb is None or indexb.contains(idx):
                cf.force_lazy_set(self, None, can_cache)


    def force_lazy_setarrayitem_submap(self, submap, can_cache=True):
        for cf in submap.const_indexes.itervalues():
            cf.force_lazy_set(self, None, can_cache)

    def force_all_lazy_sets(self):
        items = self.cached_fields.items()
        if not we_are_translated():
            # stability for tests
            items.sort(key=str, reverse=True)
        for descr, cf in items:
            cf.force_lazy_set(self, descr)
        for submap in self.cached_arrayitems.itervalues():
            items = submap.const_indexes.items()
            if not we_are_translated():
                # stability for tests
                items.sort(key=lambda item: item[0])
            for index, cf in items:
                cf.force_lazy_set(self, None)

    def force_lazy_sets_for_guard(self):
        pendingfields = []
        items = self.cached_fields.items()
        if not we_are_translated():
            items.sort(key=str, reverse=True)
        for descr, cf in items:
            op = cf._lazy_set
            if op is None:
                continue
            val = op.getarg(1)
            if self.optimizer.is_virtual(val):
                pendingfields.append(op)
                continue
            cf.force_lazy_set(self, descr)
        for descr, submap in self.cached_arrayitems.iteritems():
            for index, cf in submap.const_indexes.iteritems():
                op = cf._lazy_set
                if op is None:
                    continue
                # the only really interesting case that we need to handle in the
                # guards' resume data is that of a virtual object that is stored
                # into a field of a non-virtual object.  Here, 'op' in either
                # SETFIELD_GC or SETARRAYITEM_GC.
                opinfo = info.getptrinfo(op.getarg(0))
                assert not opinfo.is_virtual()      # it must be a non-virtual
                if self.optimizer.is_virtual(op.getarg(2)):
                    pendingfields.append(op)
                else:
                    cf.force_lazy_set(self, descr)
        return pendingfields

    def optimize_GETFIELD_GC_I(self, op):
        descr = op.getdescr()
        if descr.is_always_pure() and self.get_constant_box(op.getarg(0)) is not None:
            resbox = self.optimizer.constant_fold(op)
            self.optimizer.make_constant(op, resbox)
            return
        structinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        cf = self.field_cache(descr)
        field = cf.getfield_from_cache(self, structinfo, descr)
        if field is not None:
            self.make_equal_to(op, field)
            return
        # default case: produce the operation
        self.make_nonnull(op.getarg(0))
        # return self.emit(op)
        return self.emit(op)

    def postprocess_GETFIELD_GC_I(self, op):
        # then remember the result of reading the field
        structinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        cf = self.field_cache(op.getdescr())
        structinfo.setfield(op.getdescr(), op.getarg(0), op, optheap=self,
                            cf=cf)
    optimize_GETFIELD_GC_R = optimize_GETFIELD_GC_I
    optimize_GETFIELD_GC_F = optimize_GETFIELD_GC_I

    postprocess_GETFIELD_GC_R = postprocess_GETFIELD_GC_I
    postprocess_GETFIELD_GC_F = postprocess_GETFIELD_GC_I

    def optimize_SETFIELD_GC(self, op):
        self.setfield(op)

    def setfield(self, op):
        cf = self.field_cache(op.getdescr())
        cf.do_setfield(self, op)

    def optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I(self, op):
        arrayinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        indexb = self.getintbound(op.getarg(1))
        cf = None
        if indexb.is_constant() and indexb.get_constant_int() >= 0:
            index = indexb.get_constant_int()
            arrayinfo.getlenbound(None).make_gt_const(index)
            # use the cache on (arraydescr, index), which is a constant
            cf = self.arrayitem_cache(op.getdescr(), index)
            field = cf.getfield_from_cache(self, arrayinfo, op.getdescr())
            if field is not None:
                self.make_equal_to(op, field)
                return
        else:
            # variable index, so make sure the lazy setarrayitems are done
            self.force_lazy_setarrayitem(op.getdescr(),
                                         self.getintbound(op.getarg(1)))
            # read cache with variable index
            submap = self.arrayitem_submap(op.getdescr(), create_if_nonexistant=False)
            indexop = get_box_replacement(op.getarg(1))
            if submap is not None:
                cached_result = submap.lookup_cached(arrayinfo, indexop)
                if cached_result is not None:
                    self.make_equal_to(op, cached_result)
                    return
        # default case: produce the operation
        self.make_nonnull(op.getarg(0))
        # return self.emit(op)
        return self.emit(op)

    def postprocess_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I(self, op):
        # then remember the result of reading the array item
        arrayinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        indexb = self.getintbound(op.getarg(1))
        if indexb.is_constant() and indexb.get_constant_int() >= 0:
            index = indexb.get_constant_int()
            cf = self.arrayitem_cache(op.getdescr(), index)
            arrayinfo.setitem(op.getdescr(), index,
                              get_box_replacement(op.getarg(0)),
                              get_box_replacement(op), optheap=self,
                              cf=cf)
        else:
            # write cache for variable info
            submap = self.arrayitem_submap(op.getdescr())
            submap.cache_varindex_read(arrayinfo, get_box_replacement(op.getarg(1)), get_box_replacement(op))
    optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_R = optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I
    optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_F = optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I

    postprocess_GETARRAYITEM_GC_R = postprocess_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I
    postprocess_GETARRAYITEM_GC_F = postprocess_GETARRAYITEM_GC_I

    def optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_PURE_I(self, op):
        arrayinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        indexb = self.getintbound(op.getarg(1))
        cf = None
        if indexb.is_constant() and indexb.get_constant_int() >= 0:
            index = indexb.get_constant_int()
            arrayinfo.getlenbound(None).make_gt_const(index)
            # use the cache on (arraydescr, index), which is a constant
            cf = self.arrayitem_cache(op.getdescr(), index)
            fieldvalue = cf.getfield_from_cache(self, arrayinfo, op.getdescr())
            if fieldvalue is not None:
                self.make_equal_to(op, fieldvalue)
                return
        else:
            # variable index, so make sure the lazy setarrayitems are done
            self.force_lazy_setarrayitem(op.getdescr(), self.getintbound(op.getarg(1)))
        # default case: produce the operation
        self.make_nonnull(op.getarg(0))
        return self.emit(op)

    optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_PURE_R = optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_PURE_I
    optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_PURE_F = optimize_GETARRAYITEM_GC_PURE_I

    def optimize_SETARRAYITEM_GC(self, op):
        indexb = self.getintbound(op.getarg(1))
        arrayinfo = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        submap = self.arrayitem_submap(op.getdescr())
        if indexb.is_constant() and indexb.get_constant_int() >= 0:
            index = indexb.get_constant_int()
            # arraybound
            arrayinfo.getlenbound(None).make_gt_const(index)
            cf = self.arrayitem_cache(op.getdescr(), index)
            cf.do_setfield(self, op)
            submap.clear_varindex() # TODO: is this necessary?
        else:
            # variable index, so make sure the lazy setarrayitems are done
            self.force_lazy_setarrayitem(op.getdescr(), indexb, can_cache=False)
            # and then emit the operation
            submap.cache_varindex_write(arrayinfo, get_box_replacement(op.getarg(1)), get_box_replacement(op.getarg(2)))
            return self.emit(op)

    def optimize_GC_LOAD_I(self, op):
        # seeing a 'gc_load*' forces all the lazy sets that are still
        # pending, as an approximation.  We could try to be really clever
        # and only force some of them, but we don't have any descr here.
        self.force_all_lazy_sets()
        self.make_nonnull(op.getarg(0))
        return self.emit(op)
    optimize_GC_LOAD_R = optimize_GC_LOAD_I
    optimize_GC_LOAD_F = optimize_GC_LOAD_I

    optimize_GC_LOAD_INDEXED_I = optimize_GC_LOAD_I
    optimize_GC_LOAD_INDEXED_R = optimize_GC_LOAD_I
    optimize_GC_LOAD_INDEXED_F = optimize_GC_LOAD_I

    def optimize_QUASIIMMUT_FIELD(self, op):
        # Pattern: QUASIIMMUT_FIELD(s, descr=QuasiImmutDescr)
        #          x = GETFIELD_GC(s, descr='inst_x') # pure
        # If 's' is a constant (after optimizations) we rely on the rest of the
        # optimizations to constant-fold the following pure getfield_gc.
        # in addition, we record the dependency here to make invalidation work
        # correctly.
        # NB: emitting the pure GETFIELD_GC is only safe because the
        # QUASIIMMUT_FIELD is also emitted to make sure the dependency is
        # registered.
        structvalue = self.ensure_ptr_info_arg0(op)
        if not structvalue.is_constant():
            return    # not a constant at all; ignore QUASIIMMUT_FIELD
        #
        from rpython.jit.metainterp.quasiimmut import QuasiImmutDescr
        qmutdescr = op.getdescr()
        assert isinstance(qmutdescr, QuasiImmutDescr)
        # check that the value is still correct; it could have changed
        # already between the tracing and now.  In this case, we mark the loop
        # as invalid
        if not qmutdescr.is_still_valid_for(get_box_replacement(op.getarg(0))):
            raise InvalidLoop('quasi immutable field changed during tracing')
        # record as an out-of-line guard
        if self.optimizer.quasi_immutable_deps is None:
            self.optimizer.quasi_immutable_deps = {}
        self.optimizer.quasi_immutable_deps[qmutdescr.qmut] = None

    def optimize_GUARD_NOT_INVALIDATED(self, op):
        # logic: we need one guard_not_invalidated after every call that can
        # invalidate something. This is independent to whether the
        # quasiimmut_field op is removed or not! The tracer will only trace one
        # guard_not_invalidated after each call, so even if the first
        # quasiimmut_field is removed, the second one might not be and could
        # rely on the presence of an earlier guard_not_invalidated. This might
        # under rare circumstances leave a extra guard_not_invalidated in the
        # trace! But guard_not_invalidated is cheap, it emits no instructions
        # and its only cost is the size of the resume data. Therfore that is
        # still a better tradeoff than capturing resume data for every
        # quasiimmut_field in the front end *all the time*
        if self._seen_guard_not_invalidated:
            return
        self._seen_guard_not_invalidated = True
        return self.emit(op)

    def serialize_optheap(self, available_boxes):
        result_getfield = []
        for descr, cf in self.cached_fields.iteritems():
            if descr.get_descr_index() == -1:
                continue # not reachable via metainterp_sd.all_descrs
            if cf._lazy_set:
                continue  # XXX safe default for now
            parent_descr = descr.get_parent_descr()
            if not parent_descr.is_object():
                continue  # XXX could be extended to non-instance objects
            for i, box1 in enumerate(cf.cached_structs):
                if not box1.is_constant() and box1 not in available_boxes:
                    continue
                structinfo = cf.cached_infos[i]
                box2 = structinfo.getfield(descr)
                if box2 is None:
                    # XXX this should not happen, as it is an invariant
                    # violation! yet it does if box1 is a constant
                    continue
                box2 = box2.get_box_replacement()
                if box2.is_constant() or box2 in available_boxes:
                    result_getfield.append((box1, descr, box2))
        result_array = []
        for descr, indexdict in self.cached_arrayitems.iteritems():
            if descr.get_descr_index() == -1:
                continue # not reachable via metainterp_sd.all_descrs
            for index, cf in indexdict.const_indexes.iteritems():
                if cf._lazy_set:
                    continue  # XXX safe default for now
                for i, box1 in enumerate(cf.cached_structs):
                    if not box1.is_constant() and box1 not in available_boxes:
                        continue
                    arrayinfo = cf.cached_infos[i]
                    if index >= 2**15:
                        continue
                    box2 = arrayinfo.getitem(descr, index)
                    if box2 is None:
                        # XXX this should not happen, as it is an invariant
                        # violation! yet it does if box1 is a constant
                        continue
                    box2 = box2.get_box_replacement()
                    if box2.is_constant() or box2 in available_boxes:
                        result_array.append((box1, index, descr, box2))
        return result_getfield, result_array

    def deserialize_optheap(self, triples_struct, triples_array):
        for box1, descr, box2 in triples_struct:
            parent_descr = descr.get_parent_descr()
            assert parent_descr.is_object()
            if box1.is_constant():
                structinfo = info.ConstPtrInfo(box1)
            else:
                structinfo = box1.get_forwarded()
                if not isinstance(structinfo, info.AbstractVirtualPtrInfo):
                    structinfo = info.InstancePtrInfo(parent_descr)
                    structinfo.init_fields(parent_descr, descr.get_index())
                    box1.set_forwarded(structinfo)
            cf = self.field_cache(descr)
            structinfo.setfield(descr, box1, box2, optheap=self, cf=cf)

        for box1, index, descr, box2 in triples_array:
            if box1.is_constant():
                arrayinfo = info.ConstPtrInfo(box1)
            else:
                arrayinfo = box1.get_forwarded()
                if not isinstance(arrayinfo, info.AbstractVirtualPtrInfo):
                    arrayinfo = info.ArrayPtrInfo(descr)
                    box1.set_forwarded(arrayinfo)
            cf = self.arrayitem_cache(descr, index)
            arrayinfo.setitem(descr, index, box1, box2, optheap=self, cf=cf)


dispatch_opt = make_dispatcher_method(OptHeap, 'optimize_',
                                      default=OptHeap.emit)
OptHeap.propagate_forward = dispatch_opt
dispatch_postprocess = make_dispatcher_method(OptHeap, 'postprocess_')
OptHeap.propagate_postprocess = dispatch_postprocess
OptHeap.have_postprocess_op = have_dispatcher_method(OptHeap, 'postprocess_')
